Oldtidens Egypt Stein Skulptur av Bes i panteistisk form som en apotropaisk gud. 12,2 cm H.

Sculpture of Bes in pantheistic form as an apotropaic god

Ancient Egypt, Third Intermediate Period - Late Period, 1070 - 323 B.C.

MATERIAL: Marble

DIMENSIONS: 12.2 cm high withput stand.

PROVENANCE:
Private collection, Mr. G. C., Paris, France.
From the inventory of the judicially dissolved Parisian gallery "La Reine Margot", inventory number 9904.

CONDITION: Good state of conservation, although it shows a reconstruction of the lower part of the figure from the ankles to the base, the dividing line can be seen perfectly.

DESCRIPTION:

Sculpture of a multiple or pantheistic god formed from different elements of several gods. The body of the god Bes is clearly shown, with the head of a tripartite wigged ram, as shown from the two sides under the horns and from the rear of the animal's head. And the area of ​​the back is covered by the back of the falcon. The god in an upright position follows the statuary models and is presented on a rectangular base. In the upper part of the head there is a circular hole, made with all the intention, for the embedding of a crown, probably a solar disk, in relation to the god Ra, produced in another material, possibly gold or bronze.

This pantheistic Bes sculpture combines the attributes and powers of various gods, becoming the universal protector. This amulet is a syncretic of the gods Bes, Amón and Horus. Bes is the watchman of human beings in their daily lives and while they sleep. A pygmy genie-god, grotesque or terrifying in appearance, with his hands resting on his knees. He is the apotropaic god of the home, the one who repels demons and appeases angry deities. He can be represented, as in this case, in hybrid form with various deities. The horned ram's head represents the incarnation of Amun, the creator and regenerator who concentrates all powers. Falcon wings symbolize Horus, the son of Osiris and Isis, the divinity of the regeneration cycle and the victory of the positive forces of the universe over harmful influences.

Apotropaic magical rituals were practiced throughout the ancient Near East and in Ancient Egypt. The fearsome deities were invoked through rituals to protect people from evil spirits. In Ancient Egypt, these rituals performed in the home (not in state temples) were embodied by the deity who personified magic, Heka. The two deities most frequently invoked in these rituals were the hippopotamus goddess of fertility, Taueret, and the lion demon, Bes, who developed from the apotropaic dwarf demon god, Aha, literally meaning "fighter". Magical objects were often used in these rituals to facilitate communication with the gods and thus gain their protection; such as the apotropaic band of ivory with engraved images of these protective deities, small stelae of Horus as a child dominating the forces of evil represented by snakes, crocodiles and scorpions, and pantheistic sculptures with the body of Bes.

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