No. 94767774

Italy. - 100 Francs 1860 - Regno delle Due Sicilie obbligazione Reali Finanze Re Francesco II e firma Carbonelli (No Reserve Price)
No. 94767774

Italy. - 100 Francs 1860 - Regno delle Due Sicilie obbligazione Reali Finanze Re Francesco II e firma Carbonelli (No Reserve Price)
Banknotes / loan that of 1860 - REAL FINANCES - LAST LOAN SIEGE OF GAETA 5 francs SIGNATURE CARBONELLI minister of finance of King Francis II of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Delivered with COA Scripopass certification of authenticity
In 1860 in Gaeta the last public loan of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was issued. On October 10, 1860 the Royal Finances of King Francis II issued a Loan of Five Million Ducats, to seek funds to support the expenses for the defense of the Kingdom. He was forced to issue government bonds that would allow him to withstand the devastating Piedmontese siege. The reminder of the public debt, yesterday as today is a completely natural fact for a sovereign state.
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was wavering under the blows inflicted by the Piedmontese. Francis II of Bourbon, besieged in the fortress of Gaeta, attempted a last desperate card to save his kingdom by issuing, on October 10, 1860, a public loan of five million ducats (of which here we have a rare document with the autograph signature of the Bourbon Finance Minister, Salvatore Carbonelli) to find the funds to support the supply of the troops. He was thus forced to issue government bonds that allowed him to withstand the impact of the Piedmontese armies. An effort that proved to be in vain, given that, with the plebiscite of 21 October of the same year, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was annexed to that of Sardinia which became the Kingdom of Italy on 17 March 1861. The siege of Gaeta in 1860-1861 was, together with the Siege of Civitella, the last episode of the fighting between the army of the Two Sicilies and that of the Kingdom of Sardinia, following the Enterprise of the Thousand and the invasion of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies by the latter.
It was one of the last great sieges conducted with the so-called scientific method. The besieging army in fact used modern rifled cannons that decreed the end of the fortifications built. Specifically, Gaeta was surrounded, subjected to a naval blockade and heavily bombarded from sea and land, until it surrendered.
Francis II of Bourbon and his wife arrived in Gaeta on the morning of September 7, 1860. The king sent telegrams throughout the Kingdom to inform his subjects that the government from that day on would reside there.
Meanwhile, on the same 7th September, Garibaldi, preceding the bulk of his army, travelling on a train, which from Torre Annunziata had to proceed slowly so as not to overwhelm the cheering crowd, was able to enter the city welcomed as a liberator. The Bourbon troops, still present in abundance and quartered in the castles, offered no resistance and surrendered shortly after.
Meanwhile, Vittorio Emanuele II decided that the time had come to intervene with his army to annex Marche and Umbria, still in the hands of the Pope, and thus unite the north and south of Italy.
After the Bourbon attempt to block the advance of Garibaldi's men in the clashes that took place between September 26 and October 2, 1860 near the Volturno River, in the so-called Battle of the Volturno, failed, on October 9, in Ancona, Vittorio Emanuele II placed himself at the head of the army and on October 15 crossed the border of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The Piedmontese army continued its descent, entering Abruzzo, then converging towards Campania, moving towards Gaeta and going to meet Garibaldi's troops.
On 26 October the meeting between Giuseppe Garibaldi and Vittorio Emanuele II took place in Teano and from that moment the military initiative was entirely in the hands of the Savoy army.
Formally, the Two Sicilies were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia after the outcome of the annexation plebiscites. The decision to immediately and unconditionally annex the Two Sicilies to the Sardinian State was strongly desired by Count Cavour, who, frightened by the prospect of a popular-democratic and republican affirmation in the territories conquered by Garibaldi, did everything he could to ensure that the Expedition of the Thousand did not slide towards a left-wing solution. Annexation meant vaccination against the risk of revolution, against "social disorder", and therefore an attempt was immediately made to establish agreements with the least compromised exponents of the old class and, above all, an attempt was made to reassure the old agrarian class, whose support was indispensable for the political control of the South.
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ceased to exist on 20 March 1861, after the conclusion of the siege of Gaeta and the siege of Civitella, with the fall of the last Bourbon stronghold in Civitella del Tronto.
The proposed bond was issued on bonds with coupons in francs, which at that time in history were more marketable and solid for sale abroad. The loan requested by Francis II amounted to 5 million ducats, approximately 21 million francs.
We attach an image of an auction sale on catawiki for €300.00 + commissions and shipping costs.
Fast shipping in excellent condition as shown in the photo.
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