Samurai-Familien der Minamoto & Taira, Kriegs-Adel-Signaturen-Siegel - Handschrift Taktik & Kriegsführung Kublai Khan, Gempei-Krieg 1180-1185, 3 Schlacht-Pläne - 1650

Formation of the Samurai and Tactics Against the Mongolian Emperor Kublai Khan

3 Original Battle Plans with Manuscripts
TOKUGAWA-SCHOGUNATE

3 double-sheet manuscript with signatures + 3 sheets of battle plans
Muroyama, around 1650-1680

samurai families of the Minamoto and Taira
military nobility

Contents:
Gempei War: 1180-1185

Battle for power in Japan between the respected samurai families of the Minamoto and Taira. Formation of the samurai and tactics battle plan.

Samurai is the term commonly used in the West for a member of the warrior class in pre-industrial Japan. In Japan itself, the term Bushi is common. Today, Samurai is used exclusively for the warrior nobility of that time and not, for example, for Ashigaru = "lightly armed foot soldiers".

Samurai who had become masterless were called rōnin (“wave men”).


A renewed clash between the Taira and the Minamoto in 1180 led to the Gempei War, which lasted until 1185. The victorious Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147–1199) went to Kyoto in 1190 and was appointed Seii-Tai-Shōgun (the full title of Shōgun). He founded the Kamakura Shōgunate (1192–1333).

During the early feudal period, the Mongolian Emperor Kublai Khan sent emissaries to the Japanese imperial court to demand the submission of the Japanese Emperor. The Japanese Emperor, however, refused to comply with Kublai Khan's demands and sent the ambassadors back to their master. In 1274, the Mongols under Kublai Khan attacked Japan with a fleet of 900 ships and 23,000 soldiers. The attack failed, and many of the ships were destroyed or badly damaged by the famous Kamikaze storm.

When Kublai Khan sent emissaries again a few years later, the Japanese emperor had them beheaded. Years later, around 1281, the Mongols attempted to conquer Japan again in the Battle of Kōan with an even larger army of 4,500 ships and 142,000 soldiers, but this failed due to bad weather conditions and the tough resistance of the people.

With the death of Kublai Khan in 1294, the invasion plans were abandoned.

Over time, powerful samurai daimyo became warrior nobles (buke), only nominally subordinate to the court aristocracy (kuge). While the samurai adopted court customs such as calligraphy, poetry and music, the kuge also adopted samurai skills in return. Despite various intrigues and short periods under the rule of various emperors, the real power lay in the hands of the shoguns and warriors.

The conflict began in 1156. The abdicated Emperor Sutoku and the reigning Emperor Go-Shirakawa had significant differences, which led to a military conflict. In this conflict, the Taira under Taira no Kiyomori supported the incumbent emperor and won. The Minamoto were on the losing side, their leader Minamoto no Tameyoshi was executed. This development pushed the Minamoto into isolation. Unhappy with this situation, they conspired against Taira no Kiyomori, lost again, and in 1160 Minamoto no Yoshitomo, their leader, was killed. The Taira had taken power in Japan, both through contacts at court and through military force. Kiyomori placed his grandson Antoku on the throne and became regent. His coercive measures led to a new conspiracy in 1180 under Minamoto no Yorimasa and Prince Mochihito, which he militarily crushed in the First Battle of Uji.
This battle is considered the first of the Gempei War.
Far away from the court, Minamoto no Yoritomo was waiting for his time. He had survived the revenge of the Taira as a child in 1160 and was now ready to fight.

The five-year conflict began in the Kantō Plain, which Yoritomo invaded from Izu Province. In 1183, Yoritomo had succeeded in conquering the Kantō Plain and central and western Japan. The Taira stood with their backs to the sea on the Japanese Inland Sea. Yoritomo's relative Yoshinaka occupied Heiankyō. Yoritomo feared this successful general and sent an army under his brother Minamoto no Yoshitsune against him. Yoshitsune destroyed Yoshinaka and his troops. As Yoritomo's new general, he marched against the Taira, drove them into the sea and defeated them in the naval battle of Dan-no-ura (1185).
Japan belonged to the Minamoto.


Battles of the Gempei War:
June 23, 1180: First Battle of Uji: Considered the first battle of the Gempei War, the monks of the Byōdō-in fight on the side of Minamoto no Yorimasa.
1180 Siege of Nara: The Taira set fire to temples and monasteries to cut off their enemies' supplies.
1180 Battle of Ishibashiyama: Minamoto no Yoritomo's first battle against the Taira.
1180 Battle of Fujigawa: The Taira mistake a flock of waterfowl for a nighttime surprise attack by the Minamoto and retreat before fighting begins.
1181 Battle of Sunomata: The Taira prevent a surprise night attack.
1181 Battle of Yahagigawa: The Minamoto retreating from Sunomata in Gifu Prefecture face the enemy.
1183 Siege of Hiuchi: The Taira attack a Minamoto fortress.
1183 Battle of Kurikara: The fortunes of war turn in favor of the Minamoto.
1183 Battle of Shinowara
1183 Battle of Mizushima: The Taira intercept a Minamoto force advancing toward Yashima in Kanagawa Prefecture.
1183 Siege of Fukuryuji: The Minamoto attack a Taira fortress.
1183 Battle of Muroyama
1184 Battle of Hojujiden: Minamoto no Yoshinaka, celebrating in Kyoto, is attacked by Taira sympathizers
1184 Second Battle of Uji: In response to Minamoto no Yoshinaka's inappropriate behavior, his cousin Minamoto no Yoshitsune is ordered to attack him.
1184 Battle of Awazu: Minamoto no Yoshinaka is defeated and killed by Yoshitsune and Noriyori.
1184 Battle of Ichi-no-Tani: The Minamoto successfully attack one of the main fortresses of the Taira.
1184 Battle of Kojima: The Minamoto chase the fleeing Taira from Ichi-no-Tani to Yashima, and fighting breaks out.
1185 Battle of Yashima: The Minamoto attack their enemy's fortress off Shikoku.
April 25, 1185: Naval Battle of Dan-no-ura:
This decisive naval battle ends the war.

I guarantee the age and originality.
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