Late Roman/Early Byzantine Bronze Polycandelon with iron chains and cross

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Byzantine bronze polycandelon of elaborate openwork form. A central circle with four radiating bars, each ending with a double closed circle. A second double circle with in between three radiating bars, each intersected by two open circles for holding glass lamps. The whole is suspended by three iron chains connecting to a central circle with an iron cross above. The cross is decorated with four pendants and is ending with a hook above.

Diameter: ± 23 cm
Total length: ± 64 cm, including chain and hook
Iron cross: ± 20,5 x 11,5 cm

Condition: Good solid condition, polycandelon with green to dark patina, the forged iron elements are dark brown. All parts are from the Byzantine period, the iron chain, cross and hook are in original composition. Signs of wear consistent with age and use. See images.

Reference: Christies Auction 8776 Nr 140

Certificate of Authenticity available upon request (pdf-format).

HISTORY
Bronze lamps and candlesticks were a sign of luxury and were reserved for the elite and wealthier classes. They were safeguarded and passed down as precious heirlooms for several generations.
Byzantine lamps were a continuation of the Roman lamps. The rising influence of Christianity and increased use in Byzantine churches changed the decorative elements and iconography. Bronze lamp productions seems to have halted after the Arab invasion in the 7th century.

The polycandelon is a special type of lamp, designed to hold multiple lamps. The openwork base has openings to accommodate glass vessels filled with lantern oil. They were used in high class households and churches and were typically suspended from the ceiling. When in use, they created extravagant lighting effects and cast intricate shadows on the walls and ceilings of the space.