Partheren Empire. Mithradates III (87–80/79 BC). Drachm Reverse: Arsakes I, founder of the Parthian Empire, depicted seated right on a throne, holding a bow (Ingen mindstepris)

Kings of Parthia: Mithradates III (87–80/79 BC), AR Drachm, Minted at Rhagae. Obverse: Diademed bust facing left, adorned with a tiara decorated with eight-rayed star. Reverse: Arsakes I, founder of the Parthian Empire, depicted seated right on a throne, holding a bow; 7 line Greek legend. Mount removed. around.References: Sellwood 31.6 (previously attributed to Orodes I); Shore 124 (also previously attributed to Orodes I)

Historical Context and Reinterpretation
A re-evaluation of Babylonian cuneiform inscriptions has led to a revised sequence of Parthian kings during the turbulent period following the reign of Mithradates II (r. 123–91 BC). Mithradates III, a son of Mithradates II, ascended the throne circa 87 BC amidst a dynastic struggle. His rule marked an era of internal conflict, particularly against Orodes I, another claimant whose lineage remains somewhat obscure.

It is speculated that Orodes I may have been a son of Gotarzes I, who briefly seized power after the death of Mithradates II in 91 BC. This power struggle suggests a fragmented Parthian state, with rival factions vying for dominance.
The competition between Mithradates III and Orodes I culminated in Mithradates III’s defeat around 79 BC. Orodes I emerged as the victor, consolidating power and continuing the Arsacid lineage. This reattribution clarifies previous numismatic misassignments, as coins such as this AR Drachm were once thought to be exclusively linked to Orodes I.
This coin reflects not only the artistry of the period but also the complex political landscape of the Parthian Empire during a time of significant transition.
Weight: 3.91 grams Diameter: 21 mm